We come to the basic difference between the inanimate and living systems: a cell as a system is not limited to its membrane, the border between the cell and environment, but it extends as a functional unit into the environment. The membrane of the living system is not a line of separation, but rather connects the inner parts of the cell with selected parts of the environment.

Timo Järvilehto is a professor of psychology at the University of Oulu in Finland, focusing on brain research and psychophysiology, EEG problems, sensory physiology and psychophysics, registration of behavior and the activity of individual neurons, especially from the human peripheral nervous system. Järvilehto has published several works dealing with the principles of brain function, learning, and education.

Since 1990, Järvilehto has developed a new approach to the examination of psychological problems under the title “systemic psychology,” which is based on the theory of the organism-environment system and which aims to combine the central psychological trends that developed during the twentieth century (functionalism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, cognitive science) into a unified and coherent psychological theory.

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